According to Hong Kong’s Securities and Futures Ordinance[1]下称“《证券及期货条例》”),香港证券及期货事务监察委员会(Securities and Futures Commission,下称“SFC”或“香港证监会”)是香港金融市场的主要监管机构。
香港金融市场实行金融牌照管理制度,只有取得相关金融牌照,Only before you can engage in regulated activities (regulated activities) stipulated in the Securities and Futures Ordinance。
in short,Unless exempted,Any person other than an authorized financial institution who wishes to carry out regulated activities in Hong Kong,Must apply for a financial license from SFC。Institutions or persons engaging in regulated activities in Hong Kong without obtaining relevant financial licenses/approvals,可能会被追究民事和刑事责任[2]。
Up to now,《证券及期货条例》附表5(Schedule 5)规定了12类受规管活动(其中第11类“场外衍生工具产品交易或就场外衍生工具产品提供意见”尚未实施),与私募基金业务密切相关的主要为第9类“资产管理”(asset management),Its corresponding license plate is also usually called No. 9 plate (hereinafter referred to as "No. 9 plate")。
The benefits of getting No. 9 plate are obvious,For example, holding a No. 9 license plate will help expand overseas fund raising and investment.,And Hong Kong entities holding No. 9 license plate can also enjoy Hong Kong tax incentives。But at the same time,Applying for a No. 9 license will significantly increase the cost of private equity fund managers,It may also affect the manager’s fundraising progress,Not all private equity fund managers that may be involved in Hong Kong fundraising or have certain connections with Hong Kong are required to obtain a No. 9 license。
we noticed,Many private equity fund managers often have doubts about whether they need to obtain a No. 9 license to carry out relevant activities in Hong Kong.,This article will focus on analyzing whether relevant entities and business activities need to apply for a No. 9 license,For reference by colleagues in the industry。According to the provisions of the Securities and Futures Ordinance,Entities engaged in asset management activities in Hong Kong need to apply for license No. 9。
in,Asset management activities refer to[3]:
- Real Estate Investment Plan Management;
- Securities or futures contract management。According to these definitions,Most private equity fund managers may be involved in securities management activities。据此,We need to further clarify:
- What are "Securities";as well as
- How to identify “management activities”。
According to the relevant provisions of the Securities and Futures Ordinance and our practical operating experience,Summarized as follows:1. What are securities?
According to Section 245 of the Securities and Futures Ordinance,"Securities" means shares issued by a corporation or unincorporated group or government entity、stock、Debentures、bonds、loan stocks、Funds or notes and their rights、options、rights and interests,or certificate of equity、certificate of participation、provisional certificate、interim certificate、Receipt,or warrants to subscribe or purchase such projects,and other interests commonly referred to as securities、power or property;But does not include private companies specified under the Companies Ordinance[4](hereinafter referred to as "Private Company") stocks or bonds。
据此,Fund managers engage in management activities related to funds and other non-private corporate entities,May be identified as regulated activities related to No. 9 license and need to apply for No. 9 license。2. How to identify "management activities"? The Securities and Futures Ordinance does not clearly define management activities。
generally believed,"Management" here includes the following activities:Advise clients on transactions in securities or futures contracts;make investment decisions、Trading securities or futures contracts with client funds;Distribute transaction proceeds to clients;收取管理
cost
、Performance commission;Contact third-party service providers and manage the inflow and outflow of funds, etc.。
Based on relevant practical experience,Since the concept of "management activities" has a broad extension,,SFC主要的判断依据可能是私募基金管理人的资产管理职能是否在香港进行,主要通过综合考虑以下几个方面进行判断:
- 是否有在香港设立关联实体;
- 是否在香港存在资金募集宣传活动;
- 是否在香港做出相关的投资决策等。
Specifically,In practice, SFC often investigates whether relevant entities have actual offices in Hong Kong.、staff,Whether to open an account in Hong Kong,Whether to carry out fund transfer through Hong Kong account,and whether the transaction contract is performed in Hong Kong and other factors to comprehensively determine whether the relevant entity has actually engaged in the aforementioned related asset management activities in Hong Kong.。
- 私募基金管理人具体行为活动判断由于“资产管理活动”模糊的外延,导致是否需要申请9号牌存在一定不确定性,尤其对于与香港有一定的联系,但可能不构成在香港进行资产管理活动的私募基金管理人而言,The extent of its connection with Hong Kong and the need to apply for a No. 9 license often become its focus.。therefore,Below will be discussed in detail on a case-by-case basis。
- Private equity fund managers who have not established any entity in Hong Kong,Under what circumstances do I need to apply for a No. 9 plate? If all personnel of the private equity fund manager、office、Investment activities are all outside Hong Kong,而仅仅是接受了一家香港公司的投资份额,通常不会受到SFC的监管。
但如果其在香港存在募资行为,且在香港的募资行为构成了《证券及期货条例》项下的“积极推销”(actively market)行为,则该等推销行为可能会构成受规管活动,从而应申请相应的金融牌照。
《证券及期货条例》第115条规定,如果任何人(包括自己或通过他人,在香港或其他地区)积极地向公众推销其服务,且该服务如果在香港提供会被认为是受规管活动,则需要申请相应牌照。在SFC网站的FAQs中,SFC对“积极推销”作出了非正式答复。
答复中明确,SFC会考虑(但不限于)以下因素,以判断行为人是否作出了“积极推销”行为:A.行为人是否制定了推销服务的推销计划;B.行为人是否通过邮件、在报纸上刊登广告、广播或者网络的方式大范围地宣传其服务;C.行为人的推销行为是否通过协商、计划等方式进行,并表明该等服务是持续性的,而非一次性的;D.行为人提供的服务是否针对香港公众;E.该等服务活动是否基于客户自身需要而主动寻求才发生的。
To sum up,在香港不设任何实体的私募基金管理人通常不会受到SFC的监管,但如其在香港存在基金募资宣传活动且具有一定的公开性,则有可能被认定为《证券及期货条例》项下的“积极推销”行为从而需要申请9号牌。(2)香港境外的私募基金管理人在香港设立的子公司(sub-adviser)是否需要申请9号牌?
香港境外私募基金管理人在香港设立子公司(sub-adviser)(下称“香港投资顾问”)为境外管理人提供支持服务,是基金市场上极为常见的商业操作。由于该实体设立在香港,但却未直接开展资产管理活动,因此香港投资顾问是否需要申请9号牌存在一定不确定性。
at the same time,在前述情况下,该基金投资标的在或不在香港境内也会对判断造成不同的影响。据我们对于“管理活动”的分析和理解,香港投资顾问是否需要申请9号牌的关键在于相关的投资决策是否在香港境内作出,而并不与基金是否在香港境内存在投资标的直接关联。
若基金文件约定投资决策由境外私募基金管理人或相关主体作出,且香港投资顾问的办公室及人员等安排均仅为境外基金管理人提供支持性服务,不直接作投资决策,则一般不会构成“资产管理活动”,不需申请9号牌。
但由于目前香港法律并未对“资产管理活动”做出明确定义,也并未明确界定判断作出投资决策地点的方法,故实践中SFC掌握较大的裁量权;尤其若基金在香港境内有投资标的,私募基金管理人与香港的联系加强,可能会发生相关交易活动(如与香港相关投资标的之间资金结转、相关交易合同签署和履行等,统称“交易活动”),导致受到SFC监管的可能性增加。
实践中SFC通常会通过调查前述交易活动来综合判断相关主体(非香港主体也可能面临被调查的风险)是否在香港境内从事“管理活动”从而需要申请9号牌。(3)如非香港实体在香港从事PIPE交易,其是否需要申请9号牌?
如前述,我们理解,因PIPE交易发生在香港境内而与香港的联系加强并可能发生相关交易活动,SFC可能会调查该等交易活动,且相关境外实体也会面临被调查的风险。但判断是否需要申请牌照的核心仍为该等相关境外实体是否在香港从事了受规管活动。
in addition,因PIPE交易的标的属于“证券”,因此PIPE交易可能涉及1号牌照(证券交易)和4号牌照(就证券提供意见)项下的受规管活动。
需要说明的是,如相关实体此时已申请了9号牌,则该等PIPE交易可能可以根据《证券及期货条例》相关规定[5],作为相关主体为客户提供资产管理服务之目的而发生的附属活动,从而得以豁免1号牌照和4号牌照的申请。有哪些牌照主体类别?
香港金融牌照按照申请主体划分包括以下七类:
- 持牌法团(licensed corporation);
- short-term licensed corporation[6];
- 负责人员(responsible officer);
- 持牌代表(licensed representative);
- temporary licensed representative;
- Short term licensed representative;
- 注册机构(registered institution)。
持牌代表指隶属于持牌法团,并具体执行受规管活动的人员,没有人数限制。持牌法团开展的所有受规管活动,都必须由持牌代表执行。持牌代表向SFC提出申请,并取得SFC核准后成为负责人员。
每一个持牌法团的就每类受规管活动应有的负责人员不得少于2人(其中至少应有1名负责人员可随时监督相关的业务活动),其中一名必须为执行董事,且该法团的所有执行董事亦须全部为负责人员。therefore,私募基金管理人如需申请9号牌,除实体本身需要申请成为持牌法团外,其还必须至少有2名负责人员。
注册机构指的是依据《证券及期货条例》向香港金融管理局注册的银行(本文不对注册机构进行分析)。时间有限,本文就讲述到这,下篇文章再与各位分享更多。关于香港9号牌的申请,具体可私信于我,每天都会查看信息为大家做答,谢谢!
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