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国内私募去往私募管理人之香港9号牌 ─ 申请?还是不申请?

Financial card care question

According to Hong Kong’s Securities and Futures Ordinance[1]下称“《证券及期货条例》”)香港证券及期货事务监察委员会(Securities and Futures Commission下称“SFC”或“香港证监会”)是香港金融市场的主要监管机构

香港金融市场实行金融牌照管理制度只有取得相关金融牌照,Only before you can engage in regulated activities (regulated activities) stipulated in the Securities and Futures Ordinance。

in short,Unless exempted,Any person other than an authorized financial institution who wishes to carry out regulated activities in Hong Kong,Must apply for a financial license from SFC。Institutions or persons engaging in regulated activities in Hong Kong without obtaining relevant financial licenses/approvals,可能会被追究民事和刑事责任[2]。

Up to now,《证券及期货条例》附表5(Schedule 5)规定了12类受规管活动(其中第11类“场外衍生工具产品交易或就场外衍生工具产品提供意见”尚未实施)与私募基金业务密切相关的主要为第9类“资产管理”(asset management),Its corresponding license plate is also usually called No. 9 plate (hereinafter referred to as "No. 9 plate")。

The benefits of getting No. 9 plate are obvious,For example, holding a No. 9 license plate will help expand overseas fund raising and investment.,And Hong Kong entities holding No. 9 license plate can also enjoy Hong Kong tax incentives。But at the same time,Applying for a No. 9 license will significantly increase the cost of private equity fund managers,It may also affect the manager’s fundraising progress,Not all private equity fund managers that may be involved in Hong Kong fundraising or have certain connections with Hong Kong are required to obtain a No. 9 license。

we noticed,Many private equity fund managers often have doubts about whether they need to obtain a No. 9 license to carry out relevant activities in Hong Kong.,This article will focus on analyzing whether relevant entities and business activities need to apply for a No. 9 license,For reference by colleagues in the industry。According to the provisions of the Securities and Futures Ordinance,Entities engaged in asset management activities in Hong Kong need to apply for license No. 9。

in,Asset management activities refer to[3]:

  1. Real Estate Investment Plan Management;
  2. Securities or futures contract management。According to these definitions,Most private equity fund managers may be involved in securities management activities。据此,We need to further clarify:
  3. What are "Securities";as well as
  4. How to identify “management activities”。

According to the relevant provisions of the Securities and Futures Ordinance and our practical operating experience,Summarized as follows:1. What are securities?

According to Section 245 of the Securities and Futures Ordinance,"Securities" means shares issued by a corporation or unincorporated group or government entity、stock、Debentures、bonds、loan stocks、Funds or notes and their rights、options、rights and interests,or certificate of equity、certificate of participation、provisional certificate、interim certificate、Receipt,or warrants to subscribe or purchase such projects,and other interests commonly referred to as securities、power or property;But does not include private companies specified under the Companies Ordinance[4](hereinafter referred to as "Private Company") stocks or bonds。

据此,Fund managers engage in management activities related to funds and other non-private corporate entities,May be identified as regulated activities related to No. 9 license and need to apply for No. 9 license。2. How to identify "management activities"? The Securities and Futures Ordinance does not clearly define management activities。

generally believed,"Management" here includes the following activities:Advise clients on transactions in securities or futures contracts;make investment decisions、Trading securities or futures contracts with client funds;Distribute transaction proceeds to clients;收取管理

cost

、Performance commission;Contact third-party service providers and manage the inflow and outflow of funds, etc.。

Based on relevant practical experience,Since the concept of "management activities" has a broad extension,,SFC主要的判断依据可能是私募基金管理人的资产管理职能是否在香港进行主要通过综合考虑以下几个方面进行判断

  1. 是否有在香港设立关联实体
  2. 是否在香港存在资金募集宣传活动
  3. 是否在香港做出相关的投资决策等

Specifically,In practice, SFC often investigates whether relevant entities have actual offices in Hong Kong.、staff,Whether to open an account in Hong Kong,Whether to carry out fund transfer through Hong Kong account,and whether the transaction contract is performed in Hong Kong and other factors to comprehensively determine whether the relevant entity has actually engaged in the aforementioned related asset management activities in Hong Kong.。

  1. 私募基金管理人具体行为活动判断由于“资产管理活动”模糊的外延导致是否需要申请9号牌存在一定不确定性尤其对于与香港有一定的联系但可能不构成在香港进行资产管理活动的私募基金管理人而言,The extent of its connection with Hong Kong and the need to apply for a No. 9 license often become its focus.。therefore,Below will be discussed in detail on a case-by-case basis。
  2. Private equity fund managers who have not established any entity in Hong Kong,Under what circumstances do I need to apply for a No. 9 plate? If all personnel of the private equity fund manager、office、Investment activities are all outside Hong Kong,而仅仅是接受了一家香港公司的投资份额通常不会受到SFC的监管

但如果其在香港存在募资行为且在香港的募资行为构成了《证券及期货条例》项下的“积极推销”(actively market)行为则该等推销行为可能会构成受规管活动从而应申请相应的金融牌照

《证券及期货条例》第115条规定如果任何人(包括自己或通过他人在香港或其他地区)积极地向公众推销其服务且该服务如果在香港提供会被认为是受规管活动则需要申请相应牌照在SFC网站的FAQs中SFC对“积极推销”作出了非正式答复

答复中明确SFC会考虑(但不限于)以下因素以判断行为人是否作出了“积极推销”行为A.行为人是否制定了推销服务的推销计划B.行为人是否通过邮件在报纸上刊登广告广播或者网络的方式大范围地宣传其服务C.行为人的推销行为是否通过协商计划等方式进行并表明该等服务是持续性的而非一次性的D.行为人提供的服务是否针对香港公众E.该等服务活动是否基于客户自身需要而主动寻求才发生的

To sum up,在香港不设任何实体的私募基金管理人通常不会受到SFC的监管但如其在香港存在基金募资宣传活动且具有一定的公开性则有可能被认定为《证券及期货条例》项下的“积极推销”行为从而需要申请9号牌(2)香港境外的私募基金管理人在香港设立的子公司(sub-adviser)是否需要申请9号牌?

香港境外私募基金管理人在香港设立子公司(sub-adviser)(下称“香港投资顾问”)为境外管理人提供支持服务是基金市场上极为常见的商业操作由于该实体设立在香港但却未直接开展资产管理活动因此香港投资顾问是否需要申请9号牌存在一定不确定性

at the same time,在前述情况下该基金投资标的在或不在香港境内也会对判断造成不同的影响据我们对于“管理活动”的分析和理解香港投资顾问是否需要申请9号牌的关键在于相关的投资决策是否在香港境内作出而并不与基金是否在香港境内存在投资标的直接关联

若基金文件约定投资决策由境外私募基金管理人或相关主体作出且香港投资顾问的办公室及人员等安排均仅为境外基金管理人提供支持性服务不直接作投资决策则一般不会构成“资产管理活动”不需申请9号牌

但由于目前香港法律并未对“资产管理活动”做出明确定义也并未明确界定判断作出投资决策地点的方法故实践中SFC掌握较大的裁量权尤其若基金在香港境内有投资标的私募基金管理人与香港的联系加强可能会发生相关交易活动(如与香港相关投资标的之间资金结转相关交易合同签署和履行等统称“交易活动”)导致受到SFC监管的可能性增加

实践中SFC通常会通过调查前述交易活动来综合判断相关主体(非香港主体也可能面临被调查的风险)是否在香港境内从事“管理活动”从而需要申请9号牌(3)如非香港实体在香港从事PIPE交易其是否需要申请9号牌?

如前述我们理解因PIPE交易发生在香港境内而与香港的联系加强并可能发生相关交易活动SFC可能会调查该等交易活动且相关境外实体也会面临被调查的风险但判断是否需要申请牌照的核心仍为该等相关境外实体是否在香港从事了受规管活动

in addition,因PIPE交易的标的属于“证券”因此PIPE交易可能涉及1号牌照(证券交易)和4号牌照(就证券提供意见)项下的受规管活动

需要说明的是如相关实体此时已申请了9号牌则该等PIPE交易可能可以根据《证券及期货条例》相关规定[5],作为相关主体为客户提供资产管理服务之目的而发生的附属活动从而得以豁免1号牌照和4号牌照的申请有哪些牌照主体类别?

香港金融牌照按照申请主体划分包括以下七类

  1. 持牌法团(licensed corporation)
  2. short-term licensed corporation[6];
  3. 负责人员(responsible officer)
  4. 持牌代表(licensed representative)
  5. temporary licensed representative;
  6. Short term licensed representative;
  7. 注册机构(registered institution)

持牌代表指隶属于持牌法团并具体执行受规管活动的人员没有人数限制持牌法团开展的所有受规管活动都必须由持牌代表执行持牌代表向SFC提出申请并取得SFC核准后成为负责人员

每一个持牌法团的就每类受规管活动应有的负责人员不得少于2人(其中至少应有1名负责人员可随时监督相关的业务活动)其中一名必须为执行董事且该法团的所有执行董事亦须全部为负责人员。therefore,私募基金管理人如需申请9号牌除实体本身需要申请成为持牌法团外其还必须至少有2名负责人员

注册机构指的是依据《证券及期货条例》向香港金融管理局注册的银行(本文不对注册机构进行分析)时间有限本文就讲述到这下篇文章再与各位分享更多关于香港9号牌的申请具体可私信于我每天都会查看信息为大家做答谢谢!


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Hong Kong Xintong focuses onHong Kong Securities and Futures Commission licenseHong Kong Insurance Broker LicenseHong Kong MSO Licenseandmoneylenders licenseApply for service,Assist customers to applyUS MSB license、NFA、RIA、Canadian MSB license、Mainstream overseas financial licenses such as Australia and Mexico,Support enterprises to achieve compliance expansion of cross-border financial business。Also availableCayman Islands Offshore Company Registration、Offshore fund establishment and global compliance operations and other services,Help enterprises expand their presence in international markets。Provide one-stop compliance solutions for enterprises。To learn more,Please contactHong Kong Information Communications Consultant

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Picture of Zhou Haoming

Zhou Haoming

Zhou Haoming has experience in the fields of asset management and securities regulatory compliance in Hong Kong. 8 years of experience,Served in key business and compliance positions in a licensed asset management company。He is familiar with the Hong Kong Securities and Futures Commission (SFC) regarding 9 Application conditions for asset management license、Risk control framework requirements、internal compliance system、Compliance rules such as portfolio management control and officer qualification requirements。Zhou Haoming is good at formulating internal compliance manuals and ongoing operational compliance processes that comply with the Securities and Futures Ordinance.。

Areas of expertise:SFC 9 Application for number license、risk control framework、Officer qualification requirements、Securities and Futures Ordinance、Internal Compliance Manual。

Previous institutions:Hong Kong licensed asset management company & SFC Compliance Team

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